Journal: Cell Host & Microbe

Article Title: Epithelial-Cell-Derived Phospholipase A 2 Group 1B Is an Endogenous Anthelmintic

doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.09.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pla2g1b and Lipid Metabolism Correlate with Resistance to Intestinal Helminth Infection (A) C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with 200 L3 H. polygyrus ( H.p. ) larvae on day 0. A cohort of mice were sacrificed 7 days after 1° H.p. infection ( H.p. 1°). Remaining mice were drug treated (Rx) on days 14 and 15. Mice were then reinfected with H.p. on day 35 or day 56 and harvested 7 days after infection ( H.p. 2°). (B) H&E staining of the small intestine from H.p. 1° and H.p. 2° (D42). (C) Ratio-of-ratios analysis of differentially expressed genes in H.p. 1° and H.p. 2° (D42) identified distinct gene clusters (C1-3). (D) Top 10 pathways predicted to be activated more highly in and H.p. 2° than H.p. 1° (both relative to naive, 2-fold filter, p < 0.05). (E) Lipid metabolism pathway predicted activation score (relative to naive, 2-fold filter, p < 0.05). (F) Pla2g1b expression in small intestine from RNA sequencing data, confirmed by qPCR. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; n = 8, ∗ = p < 0.05, ∗∗ = p < 0.01 determined using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison analysis. See also Figure S1 and .

Article Snippet: Recombinant mouse PLA2g1B protein , Elabscience , Cat# PKSM040953.

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Activation Assay, Expressing, RNA Sequencing, Comparison

Journal: Cell Host & Microbe

Article Title: Epithelial-Cell-Derived Phospholipase A 2 Group 1B Is an Endogenous Anthelmintic

doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.09.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Type 2 Immunity Is Insufficient for Resistance to Intestinal Helminth Infection in the Absence of Pla2g1b (A) Luminal H.p. worms in the small intestine 14 days after 2° infection. (B) Fecal egg counts 14 days after 2° H.p. infection. (C) Frequency of Il4 gfp+ CD44 hi CD4 + cells in the mesenteric lymph node (mLN) and the spleen of mice 7 days after 2° infection. (D) Frequency of cytokine + CD4 + CD44 hi cells in the mLN of mice 7 days after 2° infection. (E) ex vivo H.p. antigen-specific cytokine production from the mLN of mice 7 days after 2° infection. (F) Gene expression in the small intestine of mice 7 days after 2° H.p. infection. (G) H.p. antigen-specific IgG1 in the serum from mice 7 days after 2° H.p. infection. (H) Mucus staining (Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff) of the small intestine from mice 7 days after 2° H.p. infection. (I) RNA-sequencing-generated transcriptional landscape of the small intestine of WT and Pla2g1b − /− mice 7 days after 2° H.p. infection. (J) Top 10 pathways predicted to be activated 7 days after 2° H.p. infection (relative to strain-naive, 2-fold filter, p < 0.05). (K) Lipid metabolism pathway predicted activation score 7 days after 2° H.p. infection (relative to strain-naive, 2-fold filter, p < 0.05). Data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 5–6, representative of at least three independent experiments; ns = not significant, ∗ = p < 0.05, ∗∗∗∗ = p < 0.0001 determined using a two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison analysis or an unpaired two-tailed t test. See also .

Article Snippet: Recombinant mouse PLA2g1B protein , Elabscience , Cat# PKSM040953.

Techniques: Infection, Ex Vivo, Gene Expression, Staining, RNA Sequencing, Generated, Activation Assay, Comparison, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cell Host & Microbe

Article Title: Epithelial-Cell-Derived Phospholipase A 2 Group 1B Is an Endogenous Anthelmintic

doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.09.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intestinal Pla2g1b Is Regulated by the Microbiota and Rag- and Common Gamma Chain-Dependent Cells in Resistant Mice (A) Kinetics of Pla2g1b expression in the small intestine during H.p. 2° infection model. (B) Kinetics of Pla2g1b expression in the small intestine during H.p. 1° infection, n = 6. (C) Pla2g1b expression at day 28 (14 days post-Rx) in the small intestine, n = 5. (D) Pla2g1b expression at day 28 (14 days post-Rx, 1°-Rx) in the small intestine following anti-IL-4 (αIL-4) or Isotype (Iso) treatment, n = 9–10 (data pooled from two independent experiments). (E) Pla2g1b expression at day 28 (14 days post-Rx, 1° Rx) in the small intestine, n = 7–10 (data pooled from two independent experiments). (F) Pla2g1b expression at day 28 (14 days post-Rx, 1° Rx) in the small intestine following antibiotic treatment, n = 9–10 (data pooled from two independent experiments). Data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 3. All data are representative of at least two independent experiments; ∗ = p < 0.05, ∗∗ = p < 0.01, determined using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison analysis, unpaired t test, or a Mann-Whitney test.

Article Snippet: Recombinant mouse PLA2g1B protein , Elabscience , Cat# PKSM040953.

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Cell Host & Microbe

Article Title: Epithelial-Cell-Derived Phospholipase A 2 Group 1B Is an Endogenous Anthelmintic

doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.09.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Epithelial-Cell-Derived Pla2g1b Is Negatively Regulated by IL-4Rα-Signaling (A) Pla2g1b detection by RNAScope ISH in the small intestine 7 days after 2° H.p. infection. (B) Pla2g1b expression in fluorescence-activated, cell sorted (FACS) CD45 – EpCam + and CD45 + EpCam − cells from the intestinal epithelium from naive and resistant (day 28) mice, n = 6. (C) Pla2g1b, Retnlb , and Gob5 expression in intestinal organoid cultures following stimulation with rIL-4 and rIL-13. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 3. All data are representative of at least two independent experiments. ∗ = p < 0.05, ∗∗ = p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗ = p < 0.0001 determined using an unpaired t test or a Mann-Whitney test. See also Figure S5 .

Article Snippet: Recombinant mouse PLA2g1B protein , Elabscience , Cat# PKSM040953.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, RNAscope, Infection, Expressing, Fluorescence, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Cell Host & Microbe

Article Title: Epithelial-Cell-Derived Phospholipase A 2 Group 1B Is an Endogenous Anthelmintic

doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.09.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLA 2 g1B Has Direct Anthelmintic Properties (A) ATP concentration of H.p. L3 larvae after 24 hr treatment with PLA 2 g1B, n = 3. (B) Number of H.p. larvae imbedded in the small intestinal wall 5 days after infection following 24 hr treatment with PLA 2 g1B, n = 5. (C) Luminal H.p. worms in the small intestine 14 days after 1° infection following 24 hr treatment with PLA 2 g1B, n = 10 (data pooled from two independent experiments). (D) Pla2g1b − /− or WT mice were orally infected with 200 L3 H.p. larvae on day 0 and were drug treated (Rx) on days 14 and 15. Mice were then reinfected with PLA 2 g1B-treated L3 H.p. larvae on day 35 and harvested 14 days after infection (2°). Another cohort of Pla2g1b − /− or WT mice were orally infected with 200 L3 H.p. larvae on day 35 and harvested 14 days after infection (1°). (E) Luminal H.p. worms in the small intestine 14 days after 1° or 2° infection following 24 hr treatment with PLA 2 g1B. (F) Luminal H.p. worms in the small intestine 14 days after 1° infection following 24 hr treatment with PLA 2 g1B. (G) Luminal H.p. worms in the small intestine 14 days after 2° infection following 24 hr treatment with PLA 2 g1B. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 4–5. All data re representative of at least two independent experiments. ∗ = p < 0.05, ∗∗∗ = p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ = p < 0.0001 determined using a two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison analysis, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison analysis, or an unpaired two-tailed t test. See also Figure S6 .

Article Snippet: Recombinant mouse PLA2g1B protein , Elabscience , Cat# PKSM040953.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Infection, Comparison, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cell Host & Microbe

Article Title: Epithelial-Cell-Derived Phospholipase A 2 Group 1B Is an Endogenous Anthelmintic

doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.09.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pla2g1b-Treatment Related Changes in Lipid Abundance Relative abundances of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and other lipids extracted from PLA 2 g1B-treated (10 ng/μL) and control-treated (0 ng/μL) larvae. (A) Identified PEs. Features were regarded as “identified” by comparison of their precursor ion and MS/MS fragments with the LipidBlast library, as outlined in Figure S1 . The arrangement of fatty acid moieties on the glycerol backbone (i.e., whether in the sn- 1 or sn- 2 position) and the position of double bonds could not be inferred. PE 38:3 and PE 38:4 were detected as a mixture of different fatty acid moieties. (B) Putatively identified (annotated) PEs. The features could be “annotated” as PEs by comparison of peak retention time and inter-cluster mass shifts of 28 Da (CH 2 CH 2 ) and intra-cluster mass shifts of 2 Da (indicative of difference in double bond number [fatty acid saturation]) with other, identified PEs. MS/MS could not be performed due to low abundance. Data are shown as normalized intensities expressed in arbitrary units. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 3. ∗ = p < 0.05. TIC: Total ion current. See also Figure S7 .

Article Snippet: Recombinant mouse PLA2g1B protein , Elabscience , Cat# PKSM040953.

Techniques: Control, Comparison, Tandem Mass Spectroscopy

Journal: Cell Host & Microbe

Article Title: Epithelial-Cell-Derived Phospholipase A 2 Group 1B Is an Endogenous Anthelmintic

doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.09.006

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Recombinant mouse PLA2g1B protein , Elabscience , Cat# PKSM040953.

Techniques: In Vivo, Recombinant, ATP Assay, Software, Indirect Immunoperoxidase Assay

Journal: Bioengineered

Article Title: MicroRNA-155-5p modulates the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome by targeting interleukin receptors

doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2071020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of IL17RB, IL18R1, and IL22RA2 as potential targets of miR-155-5p. IL17RB, IL18R1, and IL22RA2 were identified as potential targets of miR-155-5p by the databases (a); this was confirmed by the dual-luciferase report assay (b). The levels of IL17RB, IL18R1, and IL22RA2 were measured by qRT-PCR (c). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, ANOVA.

Article Snippet: In brief, LPS reagent was injected into the medium for 24 hours and the relative levels of human IL17RB (EK0785), IL18R1 (EK1260), IL22RA2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were measured in the treated cells using an ELISA kit (Boster, Wuhan, China) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol [ ].

Techniques: Luciferase, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Bioengineered

Article Title: MicroRNA-155-5p modulates the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome by targeting interleukin receptors

doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2071020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Upregulated levels of the inflammatory cytokines in patients with ARDS. The levels of IL17RB, IL18R1, and IL22RA2 in serum samples from patients with ARDS (a). Serum concentrations of IL17RB, IL18R1, and IL22RA2 (b), and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (c) in patients with ARDS were analyzed by ELISA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with the control.

Article Snippet: In brief, LPS reagent was injected into the medium for 24 hours and the relative levels of human IL17RB (EK0785), IL18R1 (EK1260), IL22RA2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were measured in the treated cells using an ELISA kit (Boster, Wuhan, China) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol [ ].

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Bioengineered

Article Title: MicroRNA-155-5p modulates the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome by targeting interleukin receptors

doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2071020

Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-155-5p inhibited the NF-kB signaling pathway. The expression levels of the inflammatory cytokine receptors (IL17RB, IL18R1, and IL22R2) and NF-kB-related proteins (NF-kB, STAT1, and STAT3) were measured by western blotting analysis with β-actin used as the internal control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with the control.

Article Snippet: In brief, LPS reagent was injected into the medium for 24 hours and the relative levels of human IL17RB (EK0785), IL18R1 (EK1260), IL22RA2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were measured in the treated cells using an ELISA kit (Boster, Wuhan, China) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol [ ].

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control